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Introduction to LitElement

The use of powerful frameworks and libraries is very widespread nowadays. We can name Angular, React.js, Vue, Svelte, among others.

It's hard to imagine building a web application without the use of any of these component-based frameworks. For these options, the components are reusable and configurable widgets. They are able to provide a custom behavior and styling and they're used as building blocks for the application.

Can we share a component between these frameworks? The short answer is no. Every framework/library has a custom API definition to build components and they are not interoperable with each other.

What is LitElement?

According to the official LitElement website:

LitElement is a simple base class for creating fast, lightweight web components that work in any web page with any framework.

That means we can use the OOP (Object-Oriented Programming) paradigm using JavaScript or even better: TypeScript.

JavaScript vs TypeScript

To create your first custom Web Component using JavaScript, you'll need to define a class that implements the appearance and functionality of it as follows:

import { LitElement, html } from 'lit-element';

class HelloComponent extends LitElement {
  static get properties() {
    return { name: { type: String } };
  }

  constructor() {
    super();
    this.name = 'Luis'; // Set a default value here
  }

  // Defines a template to be "rendered" as part of the component.
  render() { 
    return html`Hello ${this.name}. Welcome to LitElement!`;
  }
}

// Register as a custom element named <hello-component>
customElements.define('hello-component', HelloComponent);

Now let's see how you can write your first Web Component using the power of TypeScript:

import { LitElement, html, property, customElement } from 'lit-element';

//Decorator that register as a custom element named <hello-component>
@customElement('hello-component') 
export class HelloComponent extends LitElement {
  // You can assign the default value here.
  @property({type: String}) name = 'Luis'; 

  // Defines a template to be "rendered" as part of the component.
  render() { 
    return html`Hello, ${this.name}. Welcome to LitElement!</p>`;
  }
}

As you may note, the use of TypeScript decorators will provide the ability to annotate the class declarations and members.

In the next section, you can find more articles to learn and get started with LitElement and TypeScript.

More about LitElement

In the past months, I've been publishing several articles about using LitElement with TypeScript. Also, I've been using these technologies actively to build Single-page applications, and I'm happy to share these resources with you:

More articles are coming soon! Do not miss any of them and visit the This Dot Blog to be up-to-date.

Feel free to reach out on Twitter if you have any questions. Follow me on GitHub to see more about my work.

This Dot Labs is a development consultancy that is trusted by top industry companies, including Stripe, Xero, Wikimedia, Docusign, and Twilio. This Dot takes a hands-on approach by providing tailored development strategies to help you approach your most pressing challenges with clarity and confidence. Whether it's bridging the gap between business and technology or modernizing legacy systems, you’ll find a breadth of experience and knowledge you need. Check out how This Dot Labs can empower your tech journey.

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I Broke My Hand So You Don't Have To (First-Hand Accessibility Insights) cover image

I Broke My Hand So You Don't Have To (First-Hand Accessibility Insights)

We take accessibility quite seriously here at This Dot because we know it's important. Still, throughout my career, I've seen many projects where accessibility was brushed aside for reasons like "our users don't really use keyboard shortcuts" or "we need to ship fast; we can add accessibility later." The truth is, that "later" often means "never." And it turns out, anyone could break their hand, like I did. I broke my dominant hand and spent four weeks in a cast, effectively rendering it useless and forcing me to work left-handed. I must thus apologize for the misleading title; this post should more accurately be dubbed "second-hand" accessibility insights. The Perspective of a Developer Firstly, it's not the end of the world. I adapted quickly to my temporary disability, which was, for the most part, a minor inconvenience. I had to type with one hand, obviously slower than my usual pace, but isn't a significant part of a software engineer's work focused on thinking? Here's what I did and learned: - I moved my mouse to the left and started using it with my left hand. I adapted quickly, but the experience wasn't as smooth as using my right hand. I could perform most tasks, but I needed to be more careful and precise. - Many actions require holding a key while pressing a mouse button (e.g., visiting links from the IDE), which is hard to do with one hand. - This led me to explore trackpad options. Apart from the Apple Magic Trackpad, choices were limited. As a Windows user (I know, sorry), that wasn't an option for me. I settled for a cheap trackpad from Amazon. A lot of tasks became easier; however, the trackpad eventually malfunctioned, sending me back to the mouse. - I don't know a lot of IDE shortcuts. I realized how much I've been relying on a mouse for my work, subconsciously refusing to learn new keyboard shortcuts (I'll be returning my senior engineer license shortly). So I learned a few new ones, which is good, I guess. - Some keyboard shortcuts are hard to press with one hand. If you find yourself in a similar situation, you may need to remap some of them. - Copilot became my best friend, saving me from a lot of slow typing, although I did have to correct and rewrite many of its suggestions. The Perspective of a User As a developer, I was able to get by and figure things out to be able to work effectively. As a user, however, I got to experience the other side of the coin and really feel the accessibility (or lack thereof) on the web. Here are a few insights I gained: - A lot of websites apparently tried_ to implement keyboard navigation, but failed miserably. For example, a big e-commerce website I tried to use to shop for the aforementioned trackpad seemed to work fine with keyboard navigation at first, but once I focused on the search field, I found myself unable to tab out from it. When you make the effort to implement keyboard navigation, please make sure it works properly and it doesn't get broken with new changes. I wholeheartedly recommend having e2e tests (e.g. with Playwright) that verify the keyboard navigation works as expected. - A few websites and web apps I tried to use were completely unusable with the keyboard and were designed to be used with a mouse only. - Some sites had elaborate keyboard navigation, with custom keyboard shortcuts for different functionality. That took some time to figure out, and I reckon it's not as intuitive as the designers thought it would be. Once a user learns the shortcuts, however, it could make their life easier, I suppose. - A lot of interactive elements are much smaller than they should be, making it hard to accurately click on them with your weaker hand. Designers, I beg you, please make your buttons bigger. I once worked on an application that had a "gloves mode" for environments where the operators would be using gloves, and I feel like maybe the size we went with for the "gloves mode" should be the standard everywhere, especially as screens get bigger and bigger. - Misclicking is easy, especially using your weaker hand. Be it a mouse click or just hitting an Enter key on accident. Kudos to all the developers who thought about this and implemented a confirmation dialog or other safety measures to prevent users from accidentally deleting or posting something. I've however encountered a few apps that didn't have any of these, and those made me a bit anxious, to be honest. If this is something you haven't thought about when developing an app, please start doing so, you might save someone a lot of trouble. Some Second-Hand Insights I was only a little bit impaired by being temporarily one-handed and it was honestly a big pain. In this post, I've focused on my anecdotal experience as a developer and a user, covering mostly keyboard navigation and mouse usage. I can only imagine how frustrating it must be for visually impaired users, or users with other disabilities, to use the web. I must confess I haven't always been treating accessibility as a priority, but I've certainly learned my lesson. I will try to make sure all the apps I work on are accessible and inclusive, and I will try to test not only the keyboard navigation, ARIA attributes, and other accessibility features, but also the overall experience of using the app with a screen reader. I hope this post will at least plant a little seed in your head that makes you think about what it feels like to be disabled and what would the experience of a disabled person be like using the app you're working on. 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Angular 17: Continuing the Renaissance cover image

Angular 17: Continuing the Renaissance

Angular 17: A New Era November 8th marked a significant milestone in the world of Angular with the release of Angular 17. This wasn't just any ordinary update; it was a leap forward, signifying a new chapter for the popular framework. But what made this release truly stand out was the unveiling of Angular's revamped website, complete with a fresh brand identity and a new logo. This significant transformation represents the evolving nature of Angular, aligning with the modern demands of web development. To commemorate this launch, we also hosted a release afterparty, where we went deep into its new features with Minko Gechev from the Angular core team, and Google Developer Experts (GDEs) Brandon Roberts, Deborah Kurata, and Enea Jahollari. But what exactly are these notable new features in the latest version? Let's dive in and explore. 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Now, a --ssr` option is included in the `ng new` command, removing the need for additional setup or configurations. When creating a new project with the `ng new` command, the CLI inquires if SSR should be enabled. As of version 17, the default response is set to 'No'. However, for version 18 and beyond, the plan is to enable SSR by default in newly generated applications. If you prefer to start with SSR right away, you can do so by initializing your project with the `--ssr` flag: `shell ng new --ssr ` For adding SSR to an already existing project, utilize the ng add` command of the Angular CLI: `shell ng add @angular/ssr ` Hydration In Angular 17, the process of hydration, which is essential for reviving a server-side rendered application on the client-side, has reached a stable, production-ready status. Hydration involves reusing the DOM structures rendered on the server, preserving the application's state, and transferring data retrieved from the server, among other crucial tasks. This functionality is automatically activated when server-side rendering (SSR) is used. It offers a more efficient approach than the previous method, where the server-rendered tree was completely replaced, often causing visible UI flickers. Such re-rendering can adversely affect Core Web Vitals, including Largest Contentful Paint (LCP), leading to layout shifts. By enabling hydration, Angular 17 allows for the reuse of the existing DOM, effectively preventing these flickers. Support for View Transitions The new View Transitions API, supported by some browsers, is now integrated into the Angular router. This feature, which must be activated using the withViewTransitions` function, allows for CSS-based animations during route transitions, adding a layer of visual appeal to applications. 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How to Manage Breakpoints using BreakpointObserver in Angular cover image

How to Manage Breakpoints using BreakpointObserver in Angular

Defining Breakpoints is important when you start working with Responsive Design and most of the time they're created using CSS code. For example: `css .title { font-size: 12px; } @media (max-width: 600px) { .title { font-size: 14px; } } ` By default, the text size value will be 12px, and this value will be changed to 14px when the viewport gets changed to a smaller screen (a maximum width of 600px). That solution works. However, what about if you need to listen_ for certain breakpoints to perform changes in your application? This may be needed to configure third-party components, processing events, or any other. Luckily, Angular comes with a handy solution for these scenarios: the BreakpointObserver. Which is a utility for checking the matching state of @media queries. In this post, we will build a sample application to add the ability to configure certain breakpoints, and being able to listen_ to them. 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The file extension for the styling files. - --skip-tests`. it avoids the generations of the `.spec.ts` files, which are used for testing Adding Angular Material and Angular CDK Before creating the breakpoints, let's add the Angular Material components, which will install the Angular CDK` library under the hood. `bash ng add @angular/material ` Creating the Home Component We can create a brand new component to handle a couple of views to be updated while the breakpoints are changing. We can do that using the ng generate` command. `bash ng generate component home ` Pay attention to the output of the previous command since it will show you the auto-generated files. Update the Routing Configuration Remember we used the flag --routing` while creating the project? That parameter has created the main routing configuration file for the application: `app-routing.module.ts`. 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Let's update the HomeComponent`, and inject the `BreakpointObserver` as follows. `ts //home.component.ts import { Component, OnInit } from '@angular/core'; import { BreakpointObserver, Breakpoints } from '@angular/cdk/layout'; @Component({ selector: 'corp-home', templateUrl: './home.component.html', styleUrls: ['./home.component.css'] }) export class HomeComponent implements OnInit { readonly breakpoint$ = this.breakpointObserver .observe([Breakpoints.Large, Breakpoints.Medium, Breakpoints.Small, '(min-width: 500px)']) .pipe( tap(value => console.log(value)), distinctUntilChanged() ); constructor(private breakpointObserver: BreakpointObserver) { } ngOnInit(): void { } } ` Once the BreakpointObserver` is injected, we'll be able to evaluate media queries to determine the current screen size, and perform changes accordingly. Then, a breakpoint$` variable references an _observable_ object after a call to the `observe` method. The observe** method gets an observable of results for the given queries, and can be used along with predetermined values defined on `Breakpoints` as a constant. Also, it's possible to use custom breakpoints such as (min-width: 500px)`. Please refer to the documentation to find more details about this. Next, you may need to subscribe_ to the `breakpoint$` observable to see the emitted values after matching the given queries. 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Feel free to reach out on Twitter if you have any questions. Follow me on GitHub to see more about my work....

Nuxt DevTools v1.0: Redefining the Developer Experience Beyond Conventional Tools cover image

Nuxt DevTools v1.0: Redefining the Developer Experience Beyond Conventional Tools

In the ever-evolving world of web development, Nuxt.js has taken a monumental leap with the launch of Nuxt DevTools v1.0. More than just a set of tools, it's a game-changer—a faithful companion for developers. This groundbreaking release, available for all Nuxt projects and being defaulted from Nuxt v3.8 onwards, marks the beginning of a new era in developer tools. It's designed to simplify our development journey, offering unparalleled transparency, performance, and ease of use. Join me as we explore how Nuxt DevTools v1.0 is set to revolutionize our workflow, making development faster and more efficient than ever. What makes Nuxt DevTools so unique? Alright, let's start delving into the features that make this tool so amazing and unique. There are a lot, so buckle up! 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